prospective Cohort Study for Ear Disease in Hoveizeh City
prospective Cohort Study for Ear Disease in Hoveizeh City
A prospective Cohort Study for Ear Disease in Hoveizeh City
Nader Saki, Arash Bayat, Soheila Nikakhlagh, Majid Karimi
Ahvaz jundishapur university of medical sciences
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) annually cause 41 million deaths worldwide. NCDs account for %72.3 of total deaths in 2016. Deaths from such diseases increased %14.1 from 2005 to 2015 worldwide. It is estimated that %82 of all deaths in Iran are caused by NCDs. Life expectancy has increased worldwide from 61.7 years in 1980 to 71.8 years in 2015. The four major risk factors in 2017 were hypertension, smoking, high blood sugar, and high BMI. Tobacco use, lower physical activity, alcohol abuse, and inadequate nutrition increase the risk of death from NCDs.
Cohort study is a prospective population-based. The Hoveizeh Cohort is one of the centers of Persian cohort on 200,000 Iranian populations. The age group studied in this cohort is between 35 and 70 years living in Hoveizeh. Each participant in the Persian cohort study was assigned a -11digit code. In the Cohort Study of Hoveizeh, follow-up will be conducted annually for at least 15 years after enrollment. Study data are collected using questionnaires, examinations, and biological samples.
The Hoveizeh Cohort Study Center is the first auditory sub-cohort center established in Iran. A -35item questionnaire for auditory system information was completed for each individual with a specific ID code. First, the patient was examined using a Hiene›s Mini 3000 Otoscope. In case of lack of ear wax, basic hearing assessments were performed by a qualified audiologist. Assessments were carried out in the acoustic chamber at the cohort study center and the results are also confirmed by diapason hearing test.
The hearing test battery for this cohort study is as follow:
-1 Tympanometry: This test is a reflective of conductive component of auditory system, and will be perform using a calibrated tympanometer (AT235 model, Intracoustics, Denmark).
-2Â Pure tone audiometry (PTA): conventional PTA will be conducted by air conduction (AC) at octave frequencies from 250 to 8,000 Hz, and bone-conduction (BC) at 500 to 4,000 Hz according to the recommendation so ANSI S3.1. The results of hearing thresholds at each frequency will be depicted in graphs called audiogram, and type and degree of hearing loss will be determined for each participant. It has been demonstrated that EHF audiometry could be utilized in early detection of hearing loss in various conditions like noise induced hearing loss, diabetes, renal disorders, and ototoxicity.
-3Â Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs): OAEs are reflecting active mechanism of the cochlea, which is is a key element of cochlear micromechanics. It is generally recognized that evoked OAEs are more sensitive in early detection of subclinical cochlear damage.